Context:
*Part of the Pentateuch (first 5 books of OT – “Torah” or “Law”)
*Continuation of Exodus – Compare Exodus 40:34-38 & Leviticus 1:1
*In ancient Judaism, Lev. was the first book that children were taught to
read, to instill the values & rules necessary for daily living. (Derek Tidball, The Message of Leviticus)
*Jesus would naturally have been very familiar with it.
Contents:
- Rules for Sacrificial Offerings (1-7)
- Rules for the Priesthood (8-10)
- Laws of Clean & Unclean (11-15)
- The Day of Atonement (16)
- Practical Holiness (17-27)
— Basic principles re sacrifices & food, sexual behavior, & crimes
— Holiness code for priests
— Regulations re religious festivals, the tabernacle, Sabbatical &
Jubilee years
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— Consequences of obedience & disobedience
Central Themes:
- The presence of God must be acknowledged in worship & in everyday duties. “God has provided the means of grace whereby the people, forgiven & restored, may live in the presence of the holy God, avoiding those things that contaminate their health & well-being, & doing those things that make them a holy people, separated for a divine service in the world.” (New Oxford Annotated Bible)
- Holiness is imperative for God’s people, b/c God is holy. 11:44-45, 19:1-2, 22:31-33
- Sacrifice is necessary, b/c blood is necessary for atonement. 17:10-16
- The Sinai Covenant requires both covenant worship (chaps. 1-17) & covenant behavior (chaps. 18-27).
God’s Word for Christians in Leviticus:
- Unholy people can approach God only through an atoning sacrifice. Romans 3:21-27, Hebrews 9:1-14. Leviticus therefore provides a foundation for better understanding the gospel.
- To be people of God, we must imitate God. 1 Peter 1:13-16, Ephesians 5:1
- Disobedience has dire consequences; obedience brings wonderful blessings. 18:24-30, chapter 26
–Tommy South